Obsessive Compulsive Disorder – Obsession
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), an anxiety-type disorder, is a disorder that restricts people by trapping them in a repetitive cycle of thoughts and behaviors. People with obsessive-compulsive disorder become anxious because of recurring and stressful thoughts, fears, or images (obsessions) they cannot control. The anxiety created by these thoughts causes an urgent need to perform some rituals or routines (compulsions). Rituals are done in an attempt to prevent or banish obsessive thoughts. Ritual stops anxiety temporarily, when obsessive thoughts reappear, the person must repeat the ritual immediately. This OCD cycle can steal hours from the person’s day, preventing them from doing their normal daily tasks. People with obsessive-compulsive disorder may be aware that their obsessions and obsessions are unrealistic or meaningless, but they cannot stop themselves.
What are the symptoms of OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)?
Common signs of obsession:
- Fear of contamination or contamination
- Be afraid of hurting someone else
- Afraid of making mistakes
Fear of being disgraced or behaving in a socially unacceptable way - Afraid of thinking evil or sinful thinking
- The need for order, symmetry, perfection
- Excessive suspicion and constant need for assurance
Common symptoms of compulsion:
- Repeatedly washing, showering, or washing your hands
- Refusing to shake hands or touch the doorknob
- Checking things like locks and stoves constantly
- Constantly counting through or out loud while doing routine work
- Always organizing things in a certain way
- Eating in a particular order
- Being stuck with words, images, or thoughts that are often distracting, haunting, and interrupting sleep
- Repeating certain words, phrases, or prayers
- The need to do things a certain number of times
- Collecting or hoarding things that have no value
What causes obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Although the cause is not fully understood, research has shown that biological and environmental factors may be associated with OCD. Biological factors: The brain is a complex structure. There are billions of nerve cells called neurons that are needed for the normal functioning of the body. Neurons communicate through electrical signals. Chemicals called neurotransmitters help transmit these signals from neuron to neuron. Studies have found a link between the lowering of the neurotransmitter called serotonin and the development of OCD. There is also evidence that serotonin imbalances are passed from parent to child. This is an indication that obsessive-compulsive disorder may be genetic. In addition, certain areas of the brain are affected by serotonin imbalance, which leads to OCD. This problem appears to be related to brain pathways that are linked to regions of the brain that filter common sense and planning, and messages involving bodily movements.
Studies have also found a relationship between a certain type of infection caused by Streptococcus bacteria and OCD. If this infection recurs and is not treated, it can lead to the development of OCD and other disorders in children. Environmental factors: Some environmental stressors can trigger OCD. Certain environmental factors can worsen this inherent condition. These;
- Abuse
- Vital changes
- Illness
- Death of a loved one
- Work or school-related changes or problems
- Relationship concerns
How common is OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)?
OCD affects 3.3 million adults and 1 million children and young people in the USA. The disorder first appears in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. It is seen equally in all men and women, regardless of race and socioeconomic background.
How is OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) diagnosed?
There is no laboratory test for OCD. The doctor makes a diagnosis by evaluating the patient’s symptoms, including the time the patient devotes to rituals.
How is OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) treated?
OCD doesn’t go away on its own, so it’s important to be treated. The best treatment method is medication and cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy: The goal of cognitive behavioral therapy is to enable those with obsessive-compulsive disorder to face their fears and reduce anxiety without performing their rituals. This therapy also focuses on reducing exaggerated or catastrophic thoughts that are common in those with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Drug therapy: Tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors can help in the treatment of OCD. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) or neurosurgery can be used in severe cases where patients do not respond to medication and cognitive behavioral therapy. During ECT, electrodes are attached to the patient’s head and a series of electrical shocks are given to the brain that cause a seizure, these seizures cause the release of neurotransmitters in the brain. As a result of continuous treatment, patients lead a normal or nearly normal life. Early diagnosis always reduces treatment time.
